Ngaleso sikhathi kwakukhona kuphela indawo yokudoba i-tuna ngodobo olude eyayisetshenziswa njengendawo yokuhlola noma ukucwaninga lwalenhlanzi.
Izindawo zokudoba zokuhlola zabonisa ukuthi abadobi baseNingizimu Afrika bayakwazi ukudoba ngokwanele i-swordfish. Nokho, kwabonisa futhi nokuthi kunesidingo sokuthuthukisa ubuhlakani nomlando wokusebenza maqondana nokudotshwa kwama-tuna.
ukwakha indawo yokudoba izinhlanzi ezinkulu ngodobo olude yaseNingizimu Afrika; kanye nokwakha umlando womsebenzi wokudoba kanye nolwazi olugciniwe lwesibalo sezinhlanzi ezidotshwayo endaweni yokudoba.
Ukuhlanganiswa kwezindawo zokudoba i-tuna, i-swordfish noshaka abasezilwandle ezijulile akuzange kufinyelelwe enqubweni yokwabiwa kwamalungelo ngo-2005. Izindawo zokudoba oshaka abakhulu ezilwandle ezijulile kwamiswa ngomhla ka-31 Disemba 205, kodwa kwagcina kunikezwe izimvume ezikhulula abathile ezingu-9 ngaphansi kwe-MLRA ngenjongo yokudoba oshaka abakhulu ezilwandle ezijulile ngodobo olude. Kweziyisishiyagalolunye, ezimbili zalezi zimvume azizange zivuselelwe, kwasala abanikazi bezimvume abayisikhombisa njengamanje abadoba oshaka ngodobo olude.
Isilinganiso sezinhlanzi okuvumeleke ukuba zidotshwe ezindaweni zolwandle ezijulile ngodobo olude sasivumela amalungelo okwabelwa ukudoba ama-swordfish angu-20 kanye nama-tuna angu-30 ngo-2005. Amalungelo ayishumi nesikhombisa abelwa i-swordfish, kanye nelinye ilungelo elenezelwe elabiwa ngemva kokuhlaziya okwenziwa yinkantolo. Amalungelo angamashumi amabili nesithupha e-tuna abiwa. Lokhu kusishiya namalungelo amabili okudoba i-swordfish kanye namalungelo amane okudoba i-tuna angakabiwa.
Kubanikazi bamalungelo okudoba abanezimvume zesikhashana abayisikhombisa ezindaweni zokudoba oshaka ngodobo olude, ababili babo banikwa amalungelo okudoba ezilwandle ezijulile ngodobo olude ngo-2005. Lokhu kwashiya abanikazi bamalungelo ezimvume zesikhashana abayihlanu bengabelwanga amalungelo okudoba ezilwandle ezijulile ngodobo olude. Uma labanikazi bezimvume zokudoba zesikhashana befaka izicelo futhi benganqatshelwa ngokwehluleka ukuhlangabezana nendinganiso emisiwe, bayokwabelwa amlungelo enqubweni entsha yokwabiwa kwamalungelo. Uma ngabe lababanikazi bezimvume zesikhashana befaka izicelo angeke kwadingeka ukuba "bancintisane" nabanye abayofaki izicelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abanikazi bezimvume zesikhashana nabanye abayokwenza izicelo bayovunyelwa ukuba bafake izicelo zokuthola amalungelo okudoba i-tuna ne-swordfish efomini elilodwa lokwenze izicelo, bese bebonisa ukuthi iluphi uhlobo lokudoba abaluthakaselayo. Ngemva kokuba sekwamukelwe izicelo, isikhulu esiphathisiwe amandla siyokwenza imizamo yokucabangela iningi labanikazi bezimvume zesikhashana uma ngabe kuyodingeka ukuba isiphathiswa mandla sibhale isicelo sokuba kushintshwe noma kuguqulwe amalungelo akhona etuna aguqulelwe emalungelweni e-swordfish noma lokhu kokugcina kuguqulelwe kokokuqala.
Injongo ebalulekile yale nqubomgomo ukuhlanganiswa kwezindawo zokudoba oshaka ngodobo olude kanye nezindawo ezijulile zokudoba izinhlanzi ezinkulu kanye nokwaba amalungelo angakabiwa. Njengoba kuphawuliwe, ukuthi uma kuwukuthi abanikazi bezimvume zesikhashana abangenawo amalungelo okudoba ezilwandle ezijulile bayafaneleka ngokwemibandela ebakhululayo ebekwe kule nqubomgomo, kumelwe bafakwe ohlwini lwabazodoba kulezi zindawo zokudoba. Noma yimaphi amalungelo angakabiwa, azokwabiwa ngokuvumelana nenqubo yokuncintisana, efana naleyo eyasetshenziswa yilo Mnyango esikhathini esidlule maqondana nokwabiwa kwamalungelo. Nokho, abayofaka izicelo abangaphumelelanga nabahlangabezana nezimfuneko ezilindelekile ngeke benqatshelwe. Bayofakwa esigabeni esithile bese befakwa ohlwini "olulindile" bese benikwa amalungelo lapho amalungelo etholakala, ngaleyondlela lokhu kuzokwenza iNingizimu Afrika ithuthukise izinga lokubanjwa kwezinhlanzi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, injongo yokwaba amalungelo okudoba ngenhloso yezentengiselwano ezindaweni zokudoba ukwakha izindawo zokudoba ezisimeme ngokwemvelo zaseNingizimu Afrika ezilwandle ezijulile ngokusetshenziswa kodobo olude ngenhloso yezentengiselwano, kubandakanya noshaka ezindaweni ezijulile zolwandle abadotshwa ngodobo olude nokufinyelela imigomo ebekwe ngezansi.
Ukuguqula nokuhlela kabusha imboni yokudoba kuwumgomo kahulumeni aphokophele kuwo futhi kuyinhloso yale nqubomgomo ukuhlinzeka ngohlaka lokubhekela lesisidingo esibalulekile.
Amalungelo abiwa ngokuvumelana nale nqubomgomo azophela kanye namalungelo abelwa ukudoba ezindaweni zokudoba ngo-2005. Ngamanye amazwi, wonke amalungelo okudotshwa kwezinhlanzi ezinkulu ngodobo ezilwandle ezijulile azophela ekupheleni kukaFebhuwari 2015.
Isidingo sokuqhubeka nokuthuthukisa umlando wokudotshwa kwezinhlanzi eNingizimu Afrika ezilwandle ezijulile, ikakhulukazi zama-tuna; kanye utshalo-mali olukhulu oludingekayo ukuze sikwazi ukungena ezindaweni zokudoba ezinkulu zasolwandle zokudoba izinhlanzi.
Zonke izicelo zizohlolwa ngokuvumelana neqoqo "lendinganiso enemibandela". Abanikazi bezimvume (exemption holders) zokudoba oshaka ngodobo olude bamanje abangenawo amalungelo bayokwabelwa amalungelo ngaphandle uma benqatshelwa ngokuvumelana nendinganiso enemibandela. Abanye abenzi bezicelo abangahlungiwe bazobe sebehlolwa eceleni ngokuvumelana neqoqo "lendinganiso yokuqhathanisa" elifakwe esilinganisweni. Isko noma isikali esinqumayo siyonqunywa ukuze kukhethwe abenzi bezicelo abaphumelele maqondana naleli qembu labenzi bezicelo.
Njengoba kuphawulwe ngenhla, lo Mnyango ngeke usaqhubeka nenqubo yokwabiwa kwamalungelo kuze kube yilapho amalungelo amanje ephelelwa yisikhathi. Uma kuba namalungelo atholakalayo ngaphambi kwaleso sikhathi ngokuhoxiswa noma ukudelwa kwamalungelo athile, isikali esisetshenzisiwe lapho kunqunywa le nqubo yokwabiwa kwamalungelo siyosetshenzisw ukuze kwabiwe amalungelo esikhathini esizayo, uma kwenzeka eba khona. Uhlu "lwabalindile" luzofakwa ukuze kwenziwe lokhu.
Ukufaka izicelo ngendlela engafanele: Isicelo sisuke sifakwe ngendlela engafanele uma samukelwe sekwephuzile; uma umenzi wesicelo engazange akhokhe noma ekhokhe uhhafu noma ephuzile ukukhokha izimali zokwenza isicelo; noma uma safakwa ngendlela engavumelani neziqondiso, njengokusebenzisa isikhahlamezi, noma ngefomu elithile okungelona okunqunywe ukuba isicelo senziwe ngalo. Isikhulu esiphathisiwe kanye noNgqongqoshe ngeke bakwazi ukwephula umthetho ohambisana nezimfuneo zokufakwa kwesicelo.
Amaphutha efomini lesicelo: Isicelo sinephutha uma umenzi wesicelo engazange asayine isifungo, noma uma isifungo somenzi wesicelo singazange sifakazelwe nguKhomishane Wezifungo, noma uma isicelo esingaphezu kwesisodwa samukelwa kumenzi wesicelo ukuze athole ilungelo lokudoba uhlobo olufanayo lwezinhlanzi, noma uma umenzi wesicelo ehlinzeke ngokwaziswa okungelona iqiniso noma izincwadi ezingelona iqiniso, noma ehlulekile ukudalula ukwaziswa okudingekayo, noma ezame ukuthonya uNgqongqonshe noma isikhulu esiphathisiwe ngokusebenzisa izindlela ezingqubuzanayo nalezo ezihlinzekwe kwiNqubomgomo Evamile ngenkathi yokwenziwa kwesicelo. Isikhulu esiphathisiwe kanye noNgqongqonshe abakwazi ukuvumela ukwephulwa komthetho ngezimfuneko eziphathelene nezicelo ezinamaphutha.
Izinhlobo Zabenzi Bezicelo: Izicelo ziyocatshangelwa kuphela uma zivela ezinkampanini ezibhaliswe ngokwemibandela yoMthetho we-Close Corporations, ka-1984 uMthetho No. 69 ka-1984 kanye noMthetho Wezinkampani, ka-1973 uMthetho No. 61 ka-1973. Abantu abavamile okungukuthi abantu noma izinkampani ezinabanikazi abangabodwa ngeke banikwe amalungelo, kodwa abanikazi bamanje bamalungelo okudoba oshaka ngodobo olude abakhululiwe abanamalungelo njengabantu abavamile, bazonikwa ngokuvumelana nokusebenza kwabo kulelo zinga abakulo, ngokuvumelana nesicelo esifakwe yinkampani eyakhiwe ngokuvumelana nomthetho.
Ukwenza ngokuvumelana nomthetho Uma umenzi wesicelo, noma amalungu angabenzi besicelo, abaqondisi noma abanikazi bamasheya abaqondisayo beye batholakala benamacala amabi okwephulwa kwemithetho ye-MLRA, iziqondiso, imibandela yezimvume noma amanye amacala ahlobene nokudoba amabi, umenzi wesicelo ngeke abelwe ilungelo lokuyodoba ezilwandle ezijulile ezinezinhlanzi ezinkulu. Lokhu akubandakanyi ukukhokha imali yokuvuma icala. Amalungelo ngeke futhi abelwe umenzi wescelo uma lowo menzi wesicelo, noma amalungu, abaqondisi noma abanikazi bamasheya abaphethe, bake babhekana nokusulwa kwelungelo noma ukuhoxiswa kwalo ngokwemibandela ye-MLRA, noma bephucwa izimpahla ngaphansi koMthetho Wobugebengu Obuhleliwe, ka-1998 (uMthetho No. 21 ka-1998) noma we-MLRA. Izinqumo zingase zigodlwe kulezo zicelo ezivela kubenzi bezicelo abasaphenywa ngenxa yokwephula imithetho ye-MLRA. Isinqumo kumenzi wesicelo esinjalo siyokwenziwa ngemva kokuphothulwa kophenyo.
Abantu Abangazimisele Ukusebenza Ngenkuthalo (Paper Quotas) Isikhulu esiphathisiwe asizukubafaka abenzi besicelo abasha ababonakala bengathembisi ukuthi bayoke basebenze ngenkuthalo. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, isikhulu esiphathisiwe sizobheka umenzi wesicelo "njengomuntu ongazimisele ukusebenza ngenkuthalo (paper quota risk)" uma lowo menzi wesicelo ebonakala engenayo inhloso yokuzimisela ukubamba iqhaza ngokuphelele kulo mkhakha, ikakhulukazi uma kunengozi yokuthi lowo menzi wesicelo akazange afake isicelo ukuze angenele le mboni kodwa ukuze azitholele imali ngaphandle kokubandakanyeka ngokuqondile emisebenzini eyinhloko ephathelene nokusebenzisa noma yiliphi ilungelo lokudoba alinikiwe. Ekutholeni ukuthi umenzi wesicelo ungumuntu ongazimisele yini ukusebenza ngenkuthalo (paper quota risk), kufanele kucatshangelwe izimpahla zomenzi wesicelo kanye nekhono lakhe lokusebenzisa umnotho anawo, nezimali zebhizinisi kanye nokuzibophezela Isikhulu esiphathisiwe sizobakhipha futhi ohlwini lokucatshangelwa futhi sibabheke njengama-paper quota risk labo benzi bezicelo "abangabenzi bezicelo mbumbulu (fronts)" ukuze kuzuze abanye ogalajana.
Ukuba ngumenzi wesicelo mbumbulu kwenzeka lapho isicelo senziwa ngenye inkampani ukuze kubalekelwe imigomo yale nqubomgomo. Isibonelo salokhu yisicelo esenziwa yinkampani ebonakala sengathi iguqukile ngenhloso yokuthi izinzuzo eziyinhloko zigelezele enkampanini engaguqukile noma abantu okungebona abantu abansundu.
Ukutholakala komkhumbi ofanelekayo: Abenzi bezicelo abangabonisi ukuthi banalo ilungelo lokuthola umkhumbi ofanelekayo bazokhishwa ohlwini (bheka isigaba 6.3 ngezansana ukuze uthole incazelo maqondana nomkhmb ofanelekayo).
Abenzi bezicelo bamalungelo okudoba izinhlanzi ezinkulu ezilwandle ezijulile bayohlolwa ngokwemibandela yale ndinganiso elandelayo yokwaba ngokuqhathanisa, ezofakwa esikalini ukuze kuhlolwe isisindo somenzi wesicelo ngamunye.
Omunye wemigomo kullesisigaba sokudoba ukuthuthukisa izinga lezinguquko kulo mkhakha.
Abenzi bezicelo bayohlolwa ngolwazi abanalo kanye nokubandakanyeka kwabo ngaphambilini ekudotshweni kwezinhlanzi ezinkulu ngodobo olude. Lokhu kuyokwenziwa ngokuvumelana nolwazi oluhlinzekwe ezinhlelweni zokudoba nanoma yikuphi okuhlangatshezwane nakho noma irekhodi lokusebenza ngaphambilini ekudotshweni kwezinhlanzi ezinkulu ngodobo lwabantu bendabuko oluzosetshenziswa noma luhlanganiswe nomenzi wesicelo.
Abenzi bezicelo bayohlolwa ngekhono labo lokuqalisa ukudoba izinhlanzi ezinkulu ezilwandle ezijulile ngokusebenzisa usinga. Kuyocatshangelwa kuqala abenzi bezicelo abayokwazi ukubonisa ukuthi banemikhumbi enamathuluzi afanele kanye nezindobo futhi abanamakhono namandlangokwezimali adingekayo ukuze kuqaliswe ukudotshwa kwezinhlanzi ezinkulu ezilwandle ezijulile ngokushesha lapho beqeda nje ukwabelwa ilungelo.
Utshalo-mali emikhunjini afanelekile nezindobo kanye namathuluzi adingekayo. Maqondana nemikhumbi, utshalo-mali ngohlobo lobunikazi bamasheya nalo luyocatshangelwa. Abenzi bezicelo ngeke babelwe amalungelo ngoba beye benza izivumelwano zokuthenga imikhumbi ezinemibandela.
Utshalo-mali emisebenzini yokulungisa nokuhweba ngezinhlanzi.
Ngaphambi kokuqalisa unyaka wesibili, umnikazi welungelo kumelwe anikeze lo Mnyango uhlelo lokufakwa kabusha kwamafulege nokudluliswa kwamakhono okubonisa izinhlanzi ezizodotshwa nesikhathi.
Abanikazi kanye nabadobi kumelwe bavume futhi bakuqinisekise ngokubhala ukuthi umkhumbi uzosebenza ngokuvumelana nemithetho elawula indawo yeRiphabhulikhi yaseNingizimu Afrika phakathi naso sonke isikhathi sesivumelwano sokugunyazwa noma senkampani ebambisene.
Abenzi bezicelo bangazifaka izicelo zelungelo eliqondiswe kwi-tuna kanye nelungelo eliqondiswe kwi-swordfish efomini elifanayo lokwenza isicelo ngemali yesicelo ngasinye, kuye ngokuthi labo benzi bezicelo bakhetha imikhumbi ehlukene efanelekayo yokudoba endaweni ngayinye. Abenzi bezicelo kuzodingeka ukuba bafake ifomu elilodwa lesicelo sokudoba i-tuna ne-swordfish okuzodingeka ukuba babonise kulo ukuthi bafaka lezi zicelo zakho kokubili i-tuna ne-swordfish futhi babonise ukuthi yikuphi abakukhetha kuqala (first choice).
Imali yokufaka isicelo iyo ngu-R7 000.00 (Amarandi Ayizinkulungwane Eziyisikhombisa). Ngaphezu kwalokho, lo Mnyango uyokhokhisa intela kuzo zonke izinhlanzi eziyothululwa ngabanikazi bamalungelo. Lezi zintela ziyoshicilelwa kuSomqulu kaHulumeni futhi amanani ayohlolwa aphinde ashintshwe ngezikhathi ezithile. Intela eyokhokhelwa ukuthulula izinhlanzi esikhumulweni yimikhumbi yakwamanye amazwe iyoba ngaphezu kwalezo ezikhokhelwa imikhumbi enamafulegi aseNingizimu Afrika.
Abanikazi bamalungelo kuyodingeka ukuba bebe sebeqale ngokuphelele ukudoba i-tuna ne-swordfish esikhathini esingangonyaka ngemva kokuthola ilungelo. Izinga lokusebenza labanikazi bamalungelo lizobhekwa ngeso elibukhali njalo ngezikhathi ezithile futhi amalungelo abawabelwe angase ahoxiswe ngokwengxenye 28 ye-MLRA uma amalungelo engasetshenziswa ngokwanele. Uhlu "lwabalindile" luzobuye lucatshgnelwe lapho kwabiwa amalungelo ayogcina etholakele ngenxa yokuhoxiswa kwamalungelo.
Lo Mnyango uzokwenza izivivinyo ezisemthethweni zokulinganisa ukusebenza phakathi nesikhathi samalungelo okudoba ngenjongo yezentengiselwano. Kucatshangwa ukuthi umsebenzi wokuqala wokulinganisa ukudoba uzokwenzeka ngemva kweminyaka emibili futhi ngemva kwalokho njalo eminyakeni emithathu.
ukwenza ngokuvumelana nemithetho neziqondiso ezisebenzayo.
Injongo yokulinganisa ukusebenza kuzoba ukuqinisekisa ukuthi imigomo yezindawo zokudoba kuyahlangatshezwana nayo nokuthi izindlela nezinqubo zokuphatha ziyavumelana nesikhathi samanje futhi ziyafaneleka endaweni yokudoba.
Imithetho yokulawula ebekwe ngenhla ingashintsha noma nini uma ama-RFMO asebenzayo engamisa eminye imingcele evimbelayo kwi-tuna noma kwi-swordfish kunoma yiluphi lwalezi zilwandle.
Abanikaz bamalungelo ngeke bavunyelwe ukudlulela noma ukudlulisela izinhlanzi komunye umkhumbi lapho besolwandle. Ukudlulisela kweminye imikhumbi lapho besesikhumulweni kuzovunyelwa kuphela lapho kuneSikhulu Sokulawulwa Kwezindawo Zokudoba noma umbheki kuye ngokwemvume ekhishelwe ukudlulisela izinhlanzi kweminye imikhumbi.
ithwale, ngezindleko zomnikazi welungelo, izingqapheli ezigunyazwe nguMnyango phakathi nalo lonke uhambo lokuyodoba. Imikhumbi yaseNingizimu Afrika kuzodingeka ukuba ihambe nezingqapheli ngokwamaphesenti noma ngokomlinganiso wesikhathi sohambo lwabo lokuyodoba.
